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Import/Export in United Kingdom

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Starting To Export

If you plan to start exporting, you’ll need to follow the rules depending on whether your goods or services are going to a country:

  • In the EU
  • Outside the EU
  • Outside the EU via an EU country

You can use a commercial agent or a freight forwarder if you don’t want to deal with export procedures yourself.

You can hire a professional (eg a tax adviser) if you need advice about export duties and VAT.

 

Import goods into the UK: step by step

 

Export goods from the UK: step by step

How to move goods from the UK to international destinations, including the EU.

Get UK customs clearance when exporting goods: step by step

Get an EORI number

You need an EORI number to move goods between Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) or the Isle of Man, and other countries. You may also need a separate < number if you move goods to or from Northern Ireland.

If you do not have an , you may have increased costs and delays. For example, if HM Revenue and Customs ( HMRC) cannot clear your goods you may have to pay storage fees.

If you already have an EORI number and it does not start with GB you will need to apply for a new one.

If you move goods to or from the EU

You need an EORI number to move goods between Great Britain and the EU.

You’ll not usually need an EORI number if you only:

  • provide services
  • move goods between Northern Ireland and Ireland

If you use a post or parcel company they’ll tell you if you need an EORI number.

You’ll need an EORI number from an EU country if your business will be making declarations or getting a customs decision in the EU. Get this from the customs authority in the EU country where you submit your first declaration or request your first decision.

If you move goods to or from Northern Ireland

You need an EORI number that starts with XI to:

  • move goods between Northern Ireland and non- EU countries (including Great Britain)
  • make a declaration in Northern Ireland
  • get a customs decision in Northern Ireland

To get an EORI number that starts with XI, you must already have an EORI number that starts with GB.

If you already have an EORI number from an EU country

You do not need an EORI number starting with XI. You may still need an EORI number starting with GB to use some UK customs systems.

If you already have an EORI number starting with GB

You need to apply for an EORI number that starts with XI if you have not already received one from HMRC in the post. It takes 5 to 10 minutes to apply.

You’ll get your EORI number that starts with XI within 4 working days.

If you do not have an EORI number starting with GB

You can apply for an EORI number that starts with GB and one that starts with XI at the same time.

You’ll get your EORI number that starts with XI within 4 working days.

Get someone to deal with customs for you

How you can hire a person or business to deal with customs for you.

Getting help

You can hire a person or business to deal with customs for you, such as:

  • freight forwarders
  • customs agents or brokers
  • fast parcel operators

What they can do for you (and who will be liable) depends on:

  • the services they provide
  • what you want them to do
  • the commercial agreement you have with them

They can act for you either as a:

  • direct representative
  • indirect representative

They cannot act on your behalf without written instructions from you. The instruction must show whether they’re acting for you directly or indirectly. HMRC will only ask for evidence of the authorisation if we need it.

They’ll need to be established in the EU.

Freight forwarders

Freight forwarders move goods around the world for importers.

A freight forwarder will arrange clearing your goods through customs. They’ll have the right software to communicate with HMRC’s systems.

Customs agent or broker

Customs agents and brokers make sure your goods clear through customs.

Fast parcel operators

Fast parcel operators transport documents, parcels and freight across the world in a specific time frame. They can deal with customs for you, as part of their delivery.

Get someone to act directly

You can hire a person or business to act in your name. You’ll be solely liable for:

  • keeping records
  • the accuracy of any information provided on your customs declarations
  • any Customs Duty or import VAT due

But if you give clear instructions and they make a deliberate or unreasonable error, they may become jointly and severally liable.

You cannot ask someone to act directly if they’re submitting your declarations using:

  • simplified customs procedures
  • entry in the declarant’s records

They can only do this if you have the appropriate authorisation yourself.

Get someone to act indirectly

You can get someone to act for you in their own name, this means they’re:

  • equally responsible for making sure the information is accurate
  • jointly and severally liable for any Customs Duty or import VAT

If they have authorisation, you can get an indirect agent to make declarations using:

  • simplified declaration procedure
  • entry in the declarant’s records

You cannot ask someone to act indirectly if you’re declaring goods for:

  • inward processing
  • outward processing
  • temporary admission
  • end-use relief
  • private customs warehousing

Changes from 1 January 2021

If you hire someone to deal with customs for you, they’ll need to be established in the UK.

Using direct representation for simplified declarations

If you’re established in the UK and import goods into Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) you can ask someone to act directly using their own authorisation, to make declarations using:

  • simplified declaration procedure
  • entry in the declarant’s records

You should agree with the person dealing with customs for you if you need to have a duty deferment account to make payments or if they’ll use their own.


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