United Kingdom
Logistics in United Kingdom
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UK Freight Forwarding
Overview of freight forwarding
Freight forwarding is a service industry that involves moving goods around the world on behalf of importers and exporters. Freight forwarders specialise in moving cargo. They also arrange customs clearance of goods, maintain all documentation, oversee cargo packing and will at times deal with the movement of dangerous goods.
This guide gives you information on the business of freight forwarding and identifies the key issues surrounding the moving of goods.
Customs and frontier controls
Organisations such as HM Revenue & Customs ( HMRC), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and the Rural Payments Agency have an interest in UK frontier or border controls. Many products crossing the UK frontier will be subject to some types of licensing and control - some products may be prohibited from entering at all.
One of a freight forwarder’s main functions is to arrange customs clearance of goods crossing the frontier. Freight forwarders can do this themselves, or subcontract it to a company that specialises in customs broking.
In order to provide customs services, the freight forwarder needs to have sufficient funds available to handle the bonds and guarantees required for duty and taxes payments. He or she also needs specific software that can communicate with the HMRC central computer. Nearly all the HMRC functions are now electronic, and special software for reporting and payments is necessary.
The UK Trade Tariff
The ‘Integrated Tariff of the United Kingdom’ sets out the duties and measures affecting the import, export, and transit of goods to and from the UK and consolidates UK-specific data with the European Union TARIC data.
Making an entry summary declaration
If you are moving goods into Great Britain, from Great Britain to Northern Ireland, or into Northern Ireland from outside the EU, you’ll need to make an entry summary declaration.
Your entry summary declaration must be complete and accurate. You can amend your declaration until your goods arrive at the UK border.
Before you submit a declaration
To submit your declaration you must be registered for either the:
- S&S GB service for bringing goods into Great Britain
- Import Control System for bringing goods into Northern Ireland
You do not need to make an entry summary declaration from 1 January 2021 to 30 June 2021 for goods that are imported into Great Britain from the EU or:
- Andorra
- Monaco
- Norway
- Liechtenstein
- Switzerland
- Ceuta and Melilla
- Heligoland
- San Marino
- the Vatican City State
- the municipalities of Livigno Campione d’Italia
- the Italian national waters of Lake Lugano, which are between the bank and the political frontier of the area between Ponte Tresa and Porto Ceresio
Until 1 July 2021, the requirement for an entry summary declaration will be waived for goods coming from a place from where the declaration was not required before exit day.
When to submit
Depending on the type of transport or shipping service you have used, there are different time limits for submitting your declaration.
How you’re shipping goods | When to submit (minimum timing requirement) |
Maritime containerised cargo | at least 24 hours before loading at the port of departure |
Maritime bulk or break bulk cargo | at least 4 hours before arrival |
at least 2 hours before arrival | |
Short-haul flights - less than 4 hours’ duration | at the time of actual take-off |
Long-haul flights | at least 4 hours before arrival |
Rail and inland waterways | at least 2 hours before arrival |
Road traffic | at least 1 hour before arrival |
If you’re using Goods Vehicle Movement Service
The entry summary declaration will need to be submitted at the earliest of either:
- the minimum timing requirement
- before check-in closes
This is to allow for the Movement Reference Number from the entry summary declaration to be be recorded in the Goods Movement Reference, which will be validated by the carrier at check in.
Short straits sea voyages
For short straits sea journeys, safety and security import declarations will have to be submitted at least 2 hours pre-arrival for both containerised and non-containerised imports.
Short straits sea journeys refer to journeys from:
- the English Channel, or the Atlantic coast of Europe from the point where it meets the English Channel to and including the port of Algeciras
- Norway
- Ireland
- the Faroe Islands
- Iceland
- ports on the Baltic Sea and the North Sea
How to submit
To submit your declaration use the:
- S&S GB service for bringing goods into Great Britain
- Import Control System for bringing goods into Northern Ireland
You will need to provide documents and licences for your import.
You will also need information about the:
- goods description or commodity code
- consignor and consignee (true seller and true buyer)
- type, amount and packaging of your goods
- mode of transport at the border
- onward journey details
After you submit
Once your entry summary declaration is accepted you will be issued with a Movement Reference Number.
You should check if a port has an inventory linked system. If a port is not inventory linked, a Goods Movement Reference must be generated using the Goods Vehicle Movement Service.
Read more about how to move goods through ports that use the Goods Vehicle Movement Service.
What happens next
The declaration will then be risk assessed and the results will be used by the UK Border Force to either identify:
- shipments they wish to prevent being loaded onto the vessel entering Great Britain and Northern Ireland (for deep sea containerised maritime cargo only)
- imports that they may wish to control on entering Great Britain and Northern Ireland
If you get a ‘Do Not Load’ message, the UK Border Force will tell you what to do.
For goods moving into Northern Ireland, if a vessel or aircraft diverts to a different Office of First Entry, you’ll need to submit a diversion request as soon as you know about the diversion. Once your goods arrive in Northern Ireland, you must submit an arrival notification.
Find out more about the customs declarations you can make when bringing your goods to the UK.
Making an amendment
Your declaration must be accurate and complete when submitted to the best of your knowledge. However, you can make an amendment if something changes, like the amount of goods or the time of the sea crossing, for example.
The time limits for the lodging of the declaration do not start again after the amendment since, legally, it is the initial declaration that sets them. Amendments can only be made up until the point of arrival in the UK.
There is no cancellation message for either S&S GB service or Import Control System. Submitted declarations can be amended but not cancelled.
An amendment contains all the data of the original declaration plus any amendment made and is linked to the first entry. Where goods are no longer to be shipped it is not necessary to inform the S&S GB service or Import Control System.
Parcel Delivery Services
Click here to Ask an Expert about Logistics in United Kingdom
Organisations that can assist with Logistics
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> DHL Parcel UK
You don’t need a business account to ship with DHL Parcel UK – we offer a cost effective courier service for personal senders and small businesses too. So whether you are an e-commerce seller or are sending a gift to a loved one, you can still benefit from DHL Parcel UK’s global reach and delivery expertise.
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> Parcelcompare
Parcelcompare offers global parcel delivery services to consumers and businesses through the world’s most reputable carriers UPS, DHL, TNT & FedEx. We have been in business for over 28 years and established a reputation of excellence within our industry.
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> DPD Local
DPD Local is one of the UK's leading time-critical carriers which aims to fulfil all our customer's distribution needs, whether their consignments are for the UK or elsewhere in the world.
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> Worldwide Parcel Services
Worldwide Parcel Services offer a highly discounted, competitve, door to door parcel service importing and exporting around the world.
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> Parcel Hero
ParcelHero gives you the fastest transit times from the world’s best carriers and, what’s more, we make life easier by selecting the best carrier for each shipment so all you have to do is select the service and transit time to suit your budget.
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> ipostparcels
ipostparcels offer cheap parcel collection from your work and deliver in the UK and to over 160 countries worldwide